An essential coenzyme (and the precursors NMN/NR that raise it) researched for cellular energy, DNA repair and aging biology.
NAD+ itself is not an approved therapeutic (used off-label as IV infusions in wellness clinics). NR is regulated as a dietary ingredient. NMN's US status is contested — the FDA has taken the position that it is excluded from the dietary-supplement definition. None are approved to treat, prevent or cure aging or disease.
Also known as: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide); NR (nicotinamide riboside)
A core redox coenzyme that shuttles electrons to drive mitochondrial ATP production, and the required substrate for sirtuins and PARPs governing DNA repair and stress responses. NAD+ falls with age; precursors like NR and NMN replenish the pool.
Multiple randomised human trials confirm that oral NMN and NR reliably raise blood NAD+ — that part is well established. But functional benefits are limited and inconsistent. NMN's most-cited result was improved muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women, an effect that was narrow (weight and most metabolic markers unchanged) and publicly contested by other scientists. Other trials report small, scattered signals that are not robustly replicated. Raising NAD+ is proven; translating that into meaningful clinical benefit is not.
We report both positive and negative trial results. For exact study protocols, read the sources — we cite them rather than repackage them.
Bars reflect the strength & volume of research evidence for each use — not a guarantee of results.
Generally well tolerated, with mild GI upset, nausea or flushing. Short-term safety looks reassuring, but long-term data are limited and theoretical concerns about fuelling cell proliferation at high chronic doses remain unresolved.
Resveratrol and other sirtuin activators — NAD+ is a sirtuin substrate. MOTS-c and SS-31 — mitochondrial peptides sharing the cellular-energy theme. Metformin in longevity regimens.
Mechanistic context only — we don't publish combinations, amounts or protocols.
NMN vs NR are the two leading precursors. NR is one biochemical step further from NAD+ and has clearer regulatory footing; NMN is one step closer but faces US regulatory dispute. Both raise NAD+, and neither has shown decisive functional superiority in humans.
No. Precursors reliably raise NAD+ levels, but human trials have not shown this translates into anti-aging or robust functional benefits.
No. There is no large head-to-head trial; claims of superiority over-interpret small studies in different people, doses and durations.
High-quality controlled evidence is scarce. Much of the clinic practice is ahead of the data.
No reviews yet. If you've used NAD+, be the first to share what it helped with and any side effects.
⚠️ Educational research information only — not medical advice. Many peptides are sold strictly for laboratory research and are not approved treatments. The evidence scores reflect research interest and strength, not efficacy or safety for any individual. Always consult a qualified professional.