Peptides researched for cellular energy, mitochondrial function and longevity biology.
Human RCTs confirm NR/NMN raise blood NAD+, but functional/anti-aging benefits remain unproven and mixed.
Circulating MOTS-c declines with age; treatment improved metabolic efficiency and exercise capacity in rodents.
Glucagon-driven energy expenditure plus large liver-fat reductions; long-term data pending.
Improves blood pressure, lipids, inflammatory markers and liver fat.
Cardiovascular outcome trials show reduced major cardiac events.
Improves body composition and lipids without worsening glucose tolerance.
Activates telomerase (hTERT) and lengthens telomeres in vitro — the basis of longevity claims; human evidence sparse.
Immune-restoration framing in immunosenescence/aging, though direct longevity data are limited.
Marketed for vitality; evidence is largely theoretical, extrapolated from GH biology.
Neuroprotective neurotrophic signalling is linked to resilience under cognitive stress.
Restoring sex-hormone signalling is theorised to support vitality, but this is indirect.
Stress-normalising effects are theorised to support recovery, with very limited data.
⚠️ Educational research information only — not medical advice. Many peptides are research-use-only and not approved treatments. Always consult a qualified professional.